| Noah Webster's Dictionary (n.) The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the prepuce. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia FORESKIN for'-skin (`orlah; akrobustia, often euphemistically translated "uncircumcision"):
(1) In the literal sense the word is frequently mentioned owing to the rite of circumcision in vogue in Israel since the days of Abraham (Genesis 17:9-14) and among several other peoples of antiquity and modern times. The act of circumcision is represented in the temple of Khonsu, a medical deity, at Karnak. Among the Jews of antiquity circumcision had to be performed by means of a flint or stone knife (Exodus 4:25 Joshua 5:2, 3) on the eighth day after birth (Genesis 17:12; Genesis 21:4 Leviticus 12:3 Luke 2:21 Philippians 3:5), even if this day was the Sabbath (John 7:23).
Very early we find the practice one of which the descendants of Abraham became proud (Genesis 34:14), so that we see the uncircumcised despised and scorned (1 Samuel 17:26), and in the time of oppression under King Antiochus Epiphanes many Israelites suffered martyrdom rather than give up the distinctive sign of their people (APC 1Macc 1:48, 60, 61 2Macc 6:10). Among the Arabs and all Mohammedans the custom of circumcision prevails from pre-Islamic times, for it is nowhere ordered in the Koran, and the appellation "uncircumcised" ghalaf)is considered the greatest possible insult.
A peculiar martial custom is mentioned in 1 Samuel 18:25, 27 (compare 2 Samuel 3:14), where Saul is represented as asking "a hundred foreskins of the Philistines" as a dowry from David for the hand of Michal. This does not seem to have been an exceptional booty in war, especially if it meant that no very careful operation was expected to be performed, but the act became practically equivalent to extermination. We find in Egyptian history at the time of Ramses III, that an invasion into Egypt had been made by several Libyan tribes (see Diimichen, Histor. Inschr., I, plates I-VI, and II, plates 47). The Egyptian army sent against the invaders defeated them and returned with a large number of karnatha which is a transcription into hieroglyphics of the Semitic word, qarenoth, the word being used euphemistically as is proven by the accompanying determinative sign of a phallus. See Chabas, Etudes sur l'antiquite historique d'apres lee sources egyptienne,, etc., 234; Bondi, Hebr.-Phoen. Lehnworte im Egyptischen, Leipzig, 1886, 72-74. (2) Metaphorically the word is used in a variety of ways: (a) In the sense of "unlawful," "forbidden as food," "taboo." The fruit of newly planted trees was not to be eaten (Leviticus 19:23-25). (b) In the sense of "obstinacy," "opposition to God's law." The rite of circumcision meant submission under the law. While an outward form could not be identical with an inward attitude toward God, the use of the word "circumcision" was soon extended to that of purity and obedience of the heart (Deuteronomy 10:16; Deuteronomy 30:6 Colossians 2:11, where this circumcision is called a "circumcision not made with hands,. the circumcision of Christ"). The uselessness of outward circumcision, which does not include obedience and purity, is shown by Paul (Romans 2:25 1 Corinthians 7:18; compare Acts 7:51). (c) In the sense of "Gentiles," "non-Israelites" (Galatians 2:7 Ephesians 2:11 Colossians 3:11).
See CIRCUMCISION; CONCISION.
H. L. E. Luering |  | Multi-Version Concordance Foreskin (12 Occurrences) Genesis 17:11 You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin. It will be a token of the covenant between me and you. (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV) Genesis 17:14 The uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people. He has broken my covenant." (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV) Genesis 17:23 Abraham took Ishmael his son, all who were born in his house, and all who were bought with his money; every male among the men of Abraham's house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the same day, as God had said to him. (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV) Genesis 17:24 Abraham was ninety-nine years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV) Genesis 17:25 Ishmael, his son, was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV) Genesis 34:14 and say unto them, 'We are not able to do this thing, to give our sister to one who hath a foreskin: for it 'is' a reproach to us. (YLT) Exodus 4:25 Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said, "Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me." (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV) Leviticus 12:3 In the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV) Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiff-necked. (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV) Jeremiah 4:4 Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and take away the foreskins of your heart, you men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem; lest my wrath go forth like fire, and burn so that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. (Root in WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV) Jeremiah 9:25 Lo, days are coming -- an affirmation of Jehovah, And I have laid a charge on all circumcised in the foreskin, (YLT) Habakkuk 2:16 Thou art filled with shame for glory: drink thou also, and let thy foreskin be uncovered: the cup of the LORD's right hand shall be turned unto thee, and shameful spewing shall be on thy glory. (KJV DBY WBS) |
